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TIME: Almanac 1995
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<text id=89TT2900>
<link 90TT0042>
<title>
Nov. 06, 1989: Three Holdouts Against Change
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
Nov. 06, 1989 The Big Break
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
WORLD, Page 51
The Three Holdouts Against Change
</hdr><body>
<p>By John Borrell/Sofia
</p>
<p> It seemed a small thing, hardly ground for arrest. For two
weeks a tiny group of Bulgarian environmentalists called
Ecoglasnost manned a table in a Sofia park to gather signatures
on a petition calling for public debate on two controversial
river-diversion schemes. They had collected nearly 7,000 names,
when police and militia units suddenly swooped down, scattered
bystanders and arrested seven of the organizers.
</p>
<p> The members of Ecoglasnost were later released, but the
crackdown was a crude warning to Bulgarian political activists
to watch their step. It was one more indication of just how
nervous Eastern Europe's remaining hard-line regimes have become
as a result of the year's dramatic political changes elsewhere
in the bloc. The obdurate rulers in Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria and
Rumania refuse to imitate their reformist neighbors but can't
help looking anxiously over their shoulder. "They are all
worried about the fallout from change elsewhere," said a Western
diplomat in the region. A Bulgarian proverb captures the fears:
"When the Gypsy's bear is dancing in your neighbor's yard, you
know it will soon come to yours."
</p>
<p> Although Sofia's police were frightened enough to rough up
Ecoglasnost, which has just 101 members, Bulgarians have no
modern model for revolt. That, ironically, might make gradual
change easier. Czechoslovakia has such a model -- 1968's Prague
Spring -- and authorities there are taking no chances. Two weeks
ago, they arrested Jiri Ruml and Rudolf Zeman, well-known
editors of the underground opposition newspaper Lidove Noviny.
More than 100 journalists, most of them government employees,
have since signed a petition calling for the release of the pair
and for the immediate legalization of the newspaper. Now the
government is hounding playwright Vaclav Havel, spokesman for
the Charter 77 movement and the country's best-known dissident.
Police called Havel in for questioning last Thursday, then
allowed him to go to a city hospital when he complained of being
ill. Their real purpose was to prevent him from taking part in
unofficial celebrations Saturday to mark the 71st anniversary
of the founding of the Czechoslovak state.
</p>
<p> Earlier in the week six independent opposition groups had
called for "quiet and solemn celebrations" throughout the
country on the anniversary. Officials, fearing that the
unauthorized gatherings could easily turn into giant
antigovernment protests, sought to block them. To make sure that
shops were well stocked during the week before the anniversary,
authorities released onto the market large supplies of normally
unobtainable imported bananas and oranges. "They continue to
dangle these things in front of the populace as an incentive for
political acquiescence," said a Western diplomat in Prague. "But
it is clearly becoming harder and harder for them to buy off
people in this way."
</p>
<p> That does not mean that any of the remaining hard-line
governments will necessarily be toppled anytime soon. Nor do
they show signs of making more than minor changes in their
orthodox programs. And there seems to be a flip side to
Gorbachev's repudiation of the Brezhnev Doctrine: it also means
that Moscow will not intervene to force reform. Intriguingly,
though, some Soviet officials are debating whether it might be
wiser to give a shove to the recalcitrant leadership in
Czechoslovakia, where popular pressure for change seems ripest.
</p>
<p> Nothing short of death seems likely to budge Rumanian
leader Nicolae Ceausescu, who has maintained the most
repressively Stalinist line while tending a personality cult and
pursuing a Brobdingnagian building program. "Socialism," he told
the ruling party's Central Committee this week, "is
non-negotiable." Translation: Ceausescu's secret police will
make sure that any challenge to his leadership is quickly
snuffed out.
</p>
<p> Communists in Bulgaria and Czechoslovakia are taking a much
less rigid line. But in neither country are they prepared to
concede the party's leading role in society, let alone
contemplate legalized opposition groups. Their goal is to allow
just enough political protest to prevent explosions but not
enough to allow broad-based opposition groups to emerge.
</p>
<p> It is a perilous high-wire act. Dissident groups like
Bulgaria's Ecoglasnost readily admit that part of their agenda
is to shake the party's hold on power. "Once you break this
monopoly in one area, it will start crumbling everywhere," says
one of the organizers, Deyan Kyurianov. But that is apparent to
the bloc's remaining hard-liners too. The Gypsy's bear may not
be kept away forever, but for the moment, he is dancing on a
very short chain.
</p>
</body></article>
</text>